Career stages as defined in Frascati 2015 Manual

    • Category A Top grade researcher: the highest grade/post at which research is normally conducted. Example: Full professor or Director of research.

    • Category B Senior researcher: Researchers working in positions not as senior as top position but more senior than newly qualified doctoral graduates (IsCED level 8). Examples: associate professor, senior researcher, or principal investigator.

    • Category C Recognised researcher: the first grade/post into which a newly qualified doctoral graduate would normally be recruited. Examples: assistant professor, investigator or post-doctoral fellow.

    • Category D First stage researcher: Either doctoral students at the IsCED level 8 who are engaged as researchers, or researchers working in posts that do not normally require a doctorate degree. Examples: PhD students or junior researchers (without a PhD).